| HISTORY
The Anatolian Peninsula which the Republic of Turkey of today is located is hone to the oldest settlement in the world.The first settlement such as Cilvegozu , Karain Cave, Sakcagozu and Tel Acana of the prehistorical area are on the Anatolian lands.
The famous Catalhoyuk where there were Megaron type houses dated back to 7000s B.C. was here and exhibits the first urbanization characteristic of the history.Starting from 4000s B.C. fort cities were founded by the various branches of the horseback riding , nomadic TURQUOISE, that is , Scythians, Pelasgians, Legeians, Etruscans and Kuwis faith in Asana who came to Anatolia and were called Nordic.
They were urbanizes with the increasing immigration during the historical process.The first empire of Anatolia, cradle of the civilizations, is the State of the Hittities, of the Scythian branches established in Central Anatolia during 2000s B.C. During the sunsequent eras tens of tribesof the same origin such as Khattis, Phrygians, Lydians, Lycians, Galatians came to Anatolia and settled down.As of the 7 th century B.C. Cimmerians, Persians and Macedonias existed Anatolia.
Subsequently, Anatolia was dominated by the Roman Empire and upon Pax Romana went through a period of peace and prosperity.
As of the 4 th century A.D. Anatolia where the Byzantine Empire reigned was settled down by the Christianized Pecheneks, Cumans, Kipchaks, Gagauz coming Anatolia from over the Balkans and the Jew-converted Khazar Turkish clans.In 1071 the gates of Anatolia was for the first tim opened to Seljuks, of the Moslem Turkish tribes and thus , Anatolia became Turkish.
Subsequently came the Moghul and Timur dominations followed by the Ottoman Empire era from 1299 until 1923.During Ottoman era , Anatolia, Arabia, North Africa and the European lands up to Vienna were annexed to the Empire and Ottoman-Islamic works of the art were built there.The Ottomans which was a world empire of it is era had a theocratic order.
The Epmire was governed by people of every nationality and the Ottoman ensured a vast religious freedom.
It was as a result of this freedom that it began to be betrayed and was set on a downward trend starting from the 18 th century onwards.
The reforms performed under the title of Administrative Reformation " Tanzimat " proved fruitless. As a result of this , the Ottomans had to fight against the alliances established by other countries, who joined together, in almost all geographical areas.
At the wars waged both within the empire and abroad it was defeated due to the technological deprivation caused by nonmodernization on the part of the theocratic management and as it was deeply buried into foreign depts.In consequence of these defeats , the lands of the empire were lost to such extent that only Ankara and its environs in Central Anatolia remained for Turks.
The Turkish people living in Crimea , the Balkans, Caucasia and Middle East within the geographical boundaries of the empire were obliged to immigrate to Anatolia and only part of them could survive to the homeland as a result of the casualties on the immigration route.
The Kemalist Patriots of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who stood out within these circumstances and united the people within the empire around the "Turkish National Consciousness" , put up, inspite of scarcities of means , an Independence Struggle and won victories in the battlesfought and founded the National State of Republic of Turkey.
Mustafa Kemal whose ideology is named as Kemalism and whose name of "Ataturk" , " Father of Turks " was given by his people , revived Turkey through his reforms and proved that he was an immortal leader of this nation with his sayings and advices.
The ideology which is still prevalent in the world today and standing fully upright is of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
Ataturk is a leader who presented a festival to children for the first time in the world. The children's Festival of April 23rd is a children's festivity celebrated in Turkey jointly with the world children every year. Ataturk also showed importance attached to the youth and sports by presenting the Youth and Sports Festival of May 19 th to the youth. In memory of Ataturk who died on November 10, 1938 , the Turkish nation built an unmached Mausoleum on Anittepe in Ankara, the heart of Anatolia.
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